Endemic Epidemic and Pandemic Differences Current Affairs for UPSC IAS PCS SSC

Do you know difference between endemic epidemic and pandemic. what is covid-19 ? Endemic Epidemic and Pandemic Differences Current Affairs for UPSC IAS PCS SSC.

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• AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region.
• A PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents.
• ENDEMIC is something that belongs to a particular people or country.
• Epidemic vs. Pandemic
• A simple way to know the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic is to remember the “P” in pandemic, which means a pandemic has a passport. A pandemic is an epidemic that travels.
• Epidemic vs. Endemic
• But what’s the difference between epidemic and endemic? An epidemic is actively spreading; new cases of the disease substantially exceed what is expected. More broadly, it’s used to describe any problem that’s out of control, such as “the opioid epidemic.” An epidemic is often localized to a region, but the number of those infected in that region is significantly higher than normal. For example, when COVID-19 was limited to Wuhan, China, it was an epidemic. The geographical spread turned it into a pandemic.
• Endemics, on the other hand, are a constant presence in a specific location. Malaria is endemic to parts of Africa. Ice is endemic to Antarctica.
What Is an Endemic Disease?
it's as much a guarantee that India will have monsoons, Japan will have earthquakes and northern Siberia will be very cold. These natural patterns and events occur in set parts of the world and are certain to be there on a constant basis when compared to other parts of the world.
Likewise, certain diseases are present in a set population of people or geographic region of the world with just as much consistency. When a disease is present in a population or geographic region at consistent levels and periods of time, we term this an endemic disease.
• malaria is endemic to tropical areas of South America or Africa.
• Malaria, however, is not endemic to Antarctica since it's not present there. So Malaria is not endemic to Antarctica.
• The flu is endemic to a Chicago winter but not summer.
What Is an Epidemic?
Consistency isn't the only thing that defines disease, however. Diseases sometimes spread rapidly and grow in the total number of people they affect over a given time and place.
When an outbreak of disease affects a disproportionately higher number of individuals than normal at a given time, we term this an epidemic. Basically, the disease spreads amongst the population far more than it should for a given time and place.
This term is also very relative. For example, 1,000 cases of malaria in a tropical nation may not be an epidemic, but 1,000 cases of malaria in Canada would be an epidemic. That's because the 1,000 cases of malaria in an endemic tropical area is considered to be a normal, constant amount of cases of malaria for a set period of time. However, since malaria is not endemic to Canada, even a small increase in the number of people affected by malaria in Canada would be considered an epidemic.
What Is a Pandemic?
A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs over a wide area, such as multiple continents or the entire world.
A great historical example of a pandemic is something known as the '1918 flu pandemic,' also known as the 'Spanish Flu,' that spread all over the world.

Corona example:
Endemic: If corona was only limited to wuhan and cases also not spread much eg 1000 patients only.
Epidemic: if corona spread in wuhan faster like 1 lac cases.
Pandemic: when corona spread to other countries.

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